Hydrocarbons physical data molweight, melting and boiling point, density, flash point and autoignition temperature, as well as number of carbon and hydrogen atoms in each molecule are given for 200 different hydrocarbons. Api technical data book free ebook download as pdf file. Therma pro software included in the api data book 11th edition provides an extremely accurate prediction of the second liquid aqueous phase versus using a process simulator. Although we are under a workfromhome directive, hydrocarbon processing is continuing to fulfill its mission to provide reliable and insightful information to the hydrocarbon processing industry hpi. Chapter 16 of the api technical data book contains subprograms for all the predictive methods in chapter 11. The presto data lookup service is a restful web api that offers programmatic access to data in the librarys central online systems. Reid vapor pressure simulation refining, hydrocarbons, oil. Pdf gpsa engineering data book gas processing 12th ed. Natural source of hydrocarbons the majority of hydrocarbons found on earth naturally occur in crude oil, where decomposed organic matter provides an abundance of carbon and hydrogen which, when bonded, can catenate to form seemingly limitless chains. November 2018 uncontrolled copy once downloaded measurement. The rate at which the dissolved phase is created and its concentration can be estimated from solubility data and from information on the chemical concentration of the compound. Stoddard solvent is a petroleum distillate widely used as a dry cleaning solvent and as a general cleaner and degreaser. Maxwell is the author of data book on hydrocarbons 0. Api technical data book, the current api technical data book figure 2b2.
Physical and chemical properties of crude oil and oil products 1 density, specific gravity, and api gravity density is defined as mass per unit volume of a fluid. In this unit, you will learn more about hydrocarbons. Hydrocarbons are any molecules made up of only hydrogen and oxygen. Application to process engineering on free shipping on qualified orders. Below is the 2020 catalog of api publications, which include standards, data products, and software. Proceedings of the nwwa api conference on petroleum hydrocarbons and organic chemicals in ground waterprevention, detection and restoration. Api, the api technical data committee, and epcon international are pleased to provide the publication of the 10th edition of the essential api tech data book. American petroleum institute api list your products or services on engineering360. Our aim is to make it easier for agencies to release and manage apis. It shall not be reproduced or circulated or quoted, in whole or in part, outside of api.
The measurement standard for crude, liquid refined products, and lubricating oils. The api data book is the only official api standard that is a fully interactive. However, formatting rules can vary widely between applications and fields of interest or study. The datamuse api servers keep a log of the queries made to the service in the last 24 hours, but not beyond that. Bc oil and gas commission measurement guideline for upstream oil and gas operations v 2. The result is this tome on the physical properties of hydrocarbons. This chapter provides a collection of properties for many hydrocarbons and selected. Mar 28, 2017 reid vapor pressure simulation posted in refining, hydrocarbons, oil, and gas.
Api gravity moves inversely to density, which means the denser an oil is, the lower its api gravity will be. Data book on hydrocarbons 1950 edition open library. Reprint of the 9th printing published in 1968 by van nostrand, p. This is due to the superior computation methods and integrated binary interaction parameters for all commonly used hydrocarbons and water. The data lookup api uses a simple url request syntax and returns results in xml or json format. A catalog of api publications and materials is published annually and updated quarterly by api, 1220 l street, n. The gasoline and diesel fuel that are used in cars, trucks, and. Questions about analytical methods for petroleum hydrocarbons or the laboratory accreditation process should be directed to charles san juan at the department of ecology 3604077191. Hydrocarbons by coriolis meters colm ballot august 2018 this document is not an api standard. The api gravity is used to classify oils as light, medium, heavy, or extra heavy.
Data book on hydrocarbons free ebook download as pdf file. Data book on hydrocarbons petroleum distillation scribd. I am trying to do a simulation in hysys to establish rvp in accordance with astm d 323 99a. Access to a variety of technical guidance documents is also available at the toxics cleanup programs internet address. Manual of petroleum measurement standards chapter 11. Api gravity is the oil industry standard used to determine and classify the density of oil. Fossil fuels such as coal, oil, and natural gas burn readily, reacting with oxygen to release energy as the hydrocarbon molecules are. Solubility of hydrogen sulfide in petroleum chemical. I have a crude composition with no water at 0 c and 1.
This document was produced under api standardization procedures that ensure appropriate notification and participation in the developmental process and is designated as an api standard. For 50 years, the project has been managed by the api technical data committee, whose members include the petroleum industrys leading experts in thermodynamics and chemical engineering. Total petroleum hydrocarbons tph is a term used to describe a broad family of several hundred chemical compounds that originally come from crude oil. This comprehensive volume follows up and expands on an earlier national academy of sciences book.
Realworld reading link if you have ridden in a car or a bus, you have used hydrocarbons. I expect that this book will be of interest to students. Measurement guideline for upstream oil and gas operations. Select the right hydrocarbon molecular weight correlation. The american petroleum institutes technical data book petroleum refining recently adopted a modified soave procedure for vaporliquid equilibria calculations. The flash point of a liquid hydrocarbon or an oil fraction indicates its fire and. Hydrocarbons physical properties and their relevance to utilisation. Calculation of hydrocarbon inplace volume of a gascondensate reservoir from the geologic, reservoir, and production data requires a clear understanding of the behavior of oil and gas under various reservoir and surface operating conditions. Ethylene glycol gpa rr117 7, rr149 8, rr7 9 contain equilibrium data for solubility of methane, propane, nheptane, abstract this paper compares the solubility of hydrocarbons in several physical solvents such. The api data book, copublished and updated annually by the american petroleum institute and epcon, is the source for the latest, most accurate technical data, methods, and. The datamuse api leans on many freely available data sources to do its work. Methane ch3 ethane c2h6 propane c3h8 butane c4h10 pentane c5h12 hexane c6h14 heptane c7h16.
Jul 21, 2018 open library is an open, editable library catalog, building towards a web page for every book ever published. Natural source of hydrocarbons by aydana usentaeva on. The api data book, copublished and updated annually by the american petroleum institute and epcon, is the source for the latest, most accurate technical data, methods, and standards on petroleum refining officially sanctioned by the american petroleum institute. We save no longterm usage data other than a count of the number of requests broken out by the broad category of the request.
Other properties were found in api technical data book software, such as molecular weight, normal boiling point, flash point and specific gravity 6060f. They are called hydrocarbons because almost all of them are made entirely from hydrogen and carbon. This white paper provides an overview of the american petroleum institute api technical data books features and applications most often used by chemical. Hydrocarbons physical properties and their relevance to. The curves for the c 4 unsaturates is benedict, webb and rubin, j. Astm test method bath benzene bias boiling point book of astm bromine calculated calibration carbon carrier gas centrifuge. Rossini measurements of vapor pressures and boiling points, over the range 48 to 780 milli meters of mercury, and above about 110 c, were made on 60 purified hydrocarbons. Thus, you can well understand the importance of hydrocarbons in your daily life. We assessed empirical models through properties of hydrocarbons obtained from the literature, such as enthalpy of vaporization, and vapor pressure.
Vapor pressures and boiling points of sixty apinbs. Our more than 600 corporate members, from the largest major oil company to the smallest of independents, come from all segments of the industry. Contents include physical constants, characteristics of petroleum fractions, molecular weight, fugacity, critical properties, thermal properties, density, viscosity, combustion, flow of fluids, flow of heat, equilibrium flash vaporization, and fractioning towers. Manual of petroleum measurement standards chapter 5metering. In this sense, tph is really a mixture of chemicals. Our more than 600 corporate members, from the largest major oil company to the smallest of independents, come. This document was produced under api standardization procedures. Conversion charts for 0 api gravity, 8specific gravity of satu.
In table 1 are given the experimental data on the temperatures and pressures of the liquidvapor equilibrium for 17 paraffin, 14 alkylcyclopentane, 8 alkylcyclohexane, and 21 alkylbenzene hydro carbons. Realworld reading link if you have ridden in a car or a bus, you have used. Verification data has been completed up to eight decimal places. Georgethompsonarmstrong,theseniorauthor,diedonmarch9, 1982. Thermodynamic and physical properties are also known as thermophysical or simply physical properties and include but not limited to pvt density, phase equilibrium equilibrium ratios, thermal properties i. The subprograms are written in standard fortran code and can be incorporated into computer packages prepared by the user. The api data book is the only official api standard that is a fully interactive software program. The analytical technique and methodology used for petroleum hydrocarbon phc testing depends on the carbon atom range of. Main idea alkenes are hydrocarbons that contain at least one double bond, and alkynes are hydrocarbons that contain at least one triple bond. Density is an integral part of determining the value of oil, where light oils command a higher price due to the ease with which they are converted to gasoline. Feb, 2019 to reinforce pingpongs response, my old copies of the api technical data book and the gpsa engineering data books 1980 and 1966, i think they are both have procedures as k valuesvapor mole fractionliquid mole fraction for determining the vle of h2s in hydrocarbons. Hydrocarbon and pah analyses are carried out at the.
They are also used as the starting materials for manufacture of many dyes and drugs. It is the result of an intensive multidisciplinary effort to assess the problems relating to petroleumderived hydrocarbons in the marine environment. Api has sponsored this important flagship project since the first edition of the api tech data book was released in 1966. A modified soave equation of state for phase equilibrium. Google books is our effort to make book content more discoverable on the web. The american petroleum institute gravity, or api gravity, is a measure of how heavy or light a petroleum liquid is compared to water. Tank gauging section 4 standard practice for level measurement of liquid hydrocarbons on marine vessels by automatic tank gauging. Hydrocarbons physical properties and their relevance to utilisation 4 contents contents author s preface 1. Excellent basic textbook on the properties of hydrocarbons. Vapor pressures and boiling points of sixty apinbs hydrocarbons 1 by alphonse f. Api is committed to maintaining our high level of customer service, while preserving the health and safety of our employees during the covid19 crisis. Read the standards, check the referenced methods, and run computations based on these methods. It may also be used as a paint thinner, as a solvent in some types. It is the purpose here to present the finished form of the correlation for treating mixtures of hydrocarbons of importance to the natural gas and petroleum refining industries.
Introduction almost all the procedures in the api technical data book require pure component physical properties. Hydrocarbon processing refining, petrochemical, gas. The api tech data book is the only api standard that is a fully interactive. Economical and optimum design and operation of refinery units and related industry largely depend on accurate values of thermodynamic and physical properties of related fluid mixtures used in process simulations. Like most professionals in our industry, the hydrocarbon processing team is managing operations remotely. The basis for this familiar nomograph was first published by winn 1957. American petroleum institute units by using equation 3. Open library is an open, editable library catalog, building towards a web page for every book ever published. An api of 10 is equivalent to water, which means any oil with an api above 10 will float on water while any with an api below 10 will sink. Published by api on april 1, 1995 this standard provides guidance on the selection, installation, calibration, and verification of automatic tank gauges atgs for measuring the level of liquid hydrocarbons having a reid vapor. Suggested revisions are invited and should be submitted to the standards and publications.
Api is currently limiting onsite staffing and consequently, we are reducing our phone hours. Density is a state function and for a pure compound depends on both temperature and pressure and is shown by liquid. Estimation of physical properties and composition of. The american petroleum institute api is the only national trade association that represents all aspects of americas oil and natural gas industry.
Technical data book chapter 2 characterization of hydrocarbons inactive, most current. Exploration risk is a difficult concept and is usually defined by assigning confidence to the presence of the imperative geological factors, as discussed above. Experimental data on 60 api nbs hydrocarbons in table 1 are given the experimental data on the temperatures and pressures of the liquidvapor equilibrium for 17 paraffin, 14 alkylcyclopentane. Some components in hydrocarbons, however, are soluble e. Hydrocarbon exploration is a high risk investment and risk assessment is paramount for successful project portfolio management. Most hydrocarbon fractions are immiscible with water. The api tech data book, copublished and updated annually by the american petroleum institute and epcon international, is the source for the latest, most accurate technical data, methods, and standards on petroleum refining officially sanctioned by the american petroleum institute. Proceedings of the nwwaapi conference on petroleum. However, experimental data are quite often unavailable because representative samples cannot be obtained or the producing horizon does not warrant the expense of an indepth. This chapter provides a collection of properties for many hydrocarbons and selected nonhydrocarbons. You may also choose to view the catalog sections by. The epcon therma flash software included in the api tech data book 9th edition provides an extremely accurate prediction of the second liquid aqueous phase versus using a process simulator.
This book provides basic data on hydrocarbons and petroleum fractions, methods of applying. Astm test method bath benzene bias boiling point book of astm bromine calculated calibration carbon carrier gas centrifuge chemical chromatograph column comments. Existing correlations were evaluated and new correlations for predicting some. The riazidaubert 1987 correlation has been inserted into the current api technical data book as procedure 2b2. Main idea alkanes are hydrocarbons that contain only single bonds. To include a comma in your tag, surround the tag with double quotes. Vapor pressures and boiling points of sixty apinbs hydrocarbons.
Ideally, fluid properties such as bubblepoint pressure, solution gasoil ratio, formation volume factor and others are determined from laboratory studies designed to duplicate the conditions of interest. Subprograms are available either on tape or on diskette and are purchased separately from the technical data book. These viscosity equations are derived using numerous actual sample points. Vapor pressures and boiling points of sixty api nbs hydrocarbons 1. Physical and chemical properties of crude oil and oil products.
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